Study of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in a population of HIV-negative migrants and HIV-infected patients attending an outpatient clinic in Rome
doi:10.7416/ai.2013.1911
di
A. Oliva, M. Lichtner, M.T. Mascellino, M. Iannetta, A.M. Ialungo, S. Tadadjeu Mewamba, P. Pavone, F. Mengoni, C.M. Mastroianni, V. Vullo
Background: Migration and HIV infection are known risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) carriage and infection. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of MRSA nasal
colonization in a high risk population of HIV-negative migrants and HIV-infected subjects. Secondary aim
was to investigate over time MRSA carriage prevalence in HIV-infected subjects. Methods: During the study period (January-June 2008), nasal swabs were collected from 96 HIV-negative
migrants and 63 HIV-infected patients. A group of 68 seropositive subjects was additionally screened for
MRSA carriage in 2012. Subjects were evaluated for HIV status, previous antibiotic use or hospitalization,
soft tissue and skin infections (SSI), nationality and work conditions. The swab specimens were plated and incubated
for 24-h under static condition at 37° and then identified as S. aureus by using standard methods. Results: A total of 227 subjects, 131 HIV-infected adults (63 in 2008 and 68 in 2012) and 96 HIV-negative
migrants, were analyzed. Overall, 71/227 (31.2%) were S. aureus carriers: 34 out of 131 (25.9%) among
HIV infected subjects and 37 out of 96 (38.5%) among migrants. Two MRSA were detected in HIV-infected
patients (2.8%). Between 2008 and 2012 there was an increase of MRSA carriage in HIV+ group (p=0.49).
No statistically significant differences were found between S. aureus carriers and no-carriers in terms of
CD4+ cell count, TMP/SMX prophylaxis, previous antibiotic use or hospitalization, nationality and duration
of stay in Italy. Among HIV+ patients there was a higher prevalence of SSI in MSSA carriers compared with
no carriers (25% vs 4%, p=0.028). In the migrants group, having a job based on a close human contact
was significantly associated with S. aureus colonization (p=0.0038). Conclusions: Despite of the high prevalence of S. aureus isolation (31.2%), the present study showed the
low rate of MRSA carriage in a high risk population. The main factor associated with S. aureus colonization
was a close human contact rather than the HIV status and the condition of being migrant.
